Compute · Global · Jul 25, 2025
1.4x per year growth in how long frontier LLM systems spend training, since 2020
1.4x
per year growth in how long frontier LLM systems spend training, since 2020
Epoch AI data insight, with a 90% confidence interval of 1.3x to 1.5x.
1.4x
“We show that, since 2020, the time that frontier LLM systems spend training has grown by about 1.4x per year (90% CI: 1.3x to 1.5x).”
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Compute · Global
5×
per year growth in training compute for frontier language models since 2020
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$0.07
per million tokens was the cost to query a GPT-3.5-level model by October 2024
Stanford HAI · Apr 7, 2025
Compute · Global
280fold
reduction in the cost of querying a GPT-3.5-level model in about 18 months
Stanford HAI · Apr 7, 2025